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Around 1200 BCE, major Mediterranean civilisations began collapsing; scientists have now reconstructed the climate conditions surrounding the crisis

A new study suggests prolonged drought pressured eastern Mediterranean societies. This drying significantly affected agriculture and food security across the region. Drought acted as a threat multiplier, worsening existing societal challenges. Warfare and invasions interacted with environmental stress during this period. Understanding past climate pressures informs our view of societal vulnerability.

200 years after the first dinosaur, scientists use brain scans on a 100-million-year-old snake fossil from Brazil

Palaeontology has transformed from examining fossil fragments to digitally reconstructing ancient creatures. A new Cretaceous snake fossil from Brazil showcases this remarkable scientific advancement. High-resolution micro-CT scanning revealed the snake's brain anatomy and lifestyle. This technology allows detailed comparisons across millions of years of evolution. Modern methods are reshaping our understanding of prehistoric life's diversity.

Pet First | Easy Protein Rich Additions To Make Your Dog's Meals More Nutritious

A balanced, protein-rich diet is essential for keeping your dog active, healthy, and full of energy. Protein supports muscle development, strengthens immunity, promotes healthy skin and a shiny coat, and helps maintain overall well-being. While commercial dog food can meet many nutritional needs, adding a few wholesome ingredients to your pet's meals can provide an extra nutritional boost. If you're looking for simple, home-friendly ways to improve your dog's diet, here are 10 protein-rich additions that are easy to prepare using everyday ingredients commonly found in Indian kitchens. Protein-Rich Foods To Add To Your Dog's Diet 1. Boiled Eggs Boiled eggs are an excellent source of complete protein. Chop a cooked egg into small pieces and mix it with your dog's regular meal to support muscle growth and maintain a healthy coat. 2. Lean Boiled Chicken Skinless, boneless boiled chicken is one of the best protein sources for dogs. Shred it and combine it with rice or vegetables for a wholesome, balanced meal. ALSO READ | Pet First | New Study Reveals Cats May Not Groom Each Other Only Out Of Affection 3. Fresh Paneer Unsalted paneer provides both protein and calcium. Crumble small amounts into your dog's food as an occasional protein-rich treat. 4. Cooked Chickpeas Well-cooked and mashed chickpeas offer plant-based protein and fibre. Serve only in moderation, as excessive quantities may cause digestive discomfort. 5. Plain Curd (Yoghurt) Unsweetened plain curd contains protein along with probiotics that support gut health. Add a spoonful to your dog's meal for better digestion. Healthy Homemade Additions 6. Cooked Lentils Moong dal and masoor dal are nutritious sources of plant protein when cooked thoroughly. Mix small portions with rice and vegetables for a balanced homemade meal. 7. Unsalted Ground Peanuts Finely ground, unsalted peanuts contain healthy fats and protein. Offer only small quantities, as peanuts are calorie-dense and should be fed in moderation. 8. Cooked Fish Boneless cooked fish such as sardines or pomfret provides high-quality protein and omega-3 fatty acids, which help support healthy skin, joints, and a glossy coat. Feed Safely And In Moderation 9. Cooked Quinoa Quinoa is a protein-rich grain packed with essential amino acids. Mix cooked quinoa with vegetables or lean meat to create a nutritious homemade meal. ALSO READ | Pet First | Cats Dominate 60% Of Pet Food Demand In India; Tier II Cities See 96% Growth In Pet Care Market: Survey 10. Boiled Soy Chunks Properly soaked and cooked soy chunks are another source of plant protein. Chop them finely before mixing them into your dog's food, but serve occasionally rather than daily. While these ingredients can improve the nutritional quality of your dog's meals, they should be introduced gradually and in appropriate portions based on your pet's age, breed, size, and health condition. Avoid adding salt, spices, onions, garlic, chocolate, grapes, raisins, or other foods that are toxic to dogs. Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is intended for general informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified veterinarian regarding your pet’s health, diet, or any medical concerns.

Researchers made flying harder for Alaskan Seabirds; only 67% returned, survivors bred better

Researchers clipped a few wing and tail feathers of wild black-legged kittiwakes in Alaska to make flying more energy-intensive and tracked them for several years. The birds struggled to raise chicks during that breeding season, and fewer survived to return the next year. However, those that did return migrated farther and were more likely to breed successfully, showing how energy spent in one season can affect the next.

Bank of Baroda Breached? Reports Claim 1TB Of Sensitive Customer Data Leaked

Bank of Baroda has reportedly come under fresh scrutiny following reports of a massive alleged cybersecurity breach that may have exposed around 1TB of sensitive customer and internal banking data on the dark web. The reports surfaced at a time when the public sector lender was already under pressure after reporting a sharp decline in its first-quarter earnings for FY27, leading to a decline in its share price during Monday's trading session. The alleged breach has not been officially confirmed by the bank, while authorities including CERT-In and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) have also not issued any public statement verifying the claims. ALSO READ: Bombay HC Allows Nitin Gadkari To Sue Meta, Google Over Deepfakes On E20 Alleged Leak Includes Customer & Internal Banking Records According to media reports, the leaked database allegedly contains a wide range of customer and banking information. The reportedly exposed records include Aadhaar numbers, customer names, savings and current account details, loan-related information, NetBanking user data, NRI and corporate banking records, branch audits, internal communications, vigilance investigation files, bobWorld audit reports, customer application forms, and branch and ATM-related documents from multiple locations across the country. The reports claim nearly 1TB of data has been uploaded to the dark web. However, no hacker or cybercriminal group has formally claimed responsibility for the alleged breach so far. Cybersecurity researcher Srikanth Lakshmanan reportedly reviewed sample files circulating online and described the alleged incident as a "cyber disaster". Some reports have also linked the alleged attack to the hacking group TripleX, although there has been no official attribution or independent verification. Stock Slips As Earnings & Cyber Concerns Weigh On Sentiment Investor sentiment remained cautious as Bank of Baroda shares traded lower on Monday. The stock opened at Rs 243.50 compared with its previous close of Rs 246.45. During the session, it touched an intraday high of Rs 247.70 and a low of Rs 241.90. At the time of reporting, the stock was trading at Rs 244.20, down 0.91 per cent from the previous close. The decline came after the lender reported a 72 per cent year-on-year fall in net profit for the April-June quarter of FY27. Net profit stood at Rs 1,278 crore compared with Rs 4,541 crore in the same period last year. The steep decline was largely attributed to a one-time exceptional charge of Rs 5,700 crore arising from the out-of-court settlement of the long-running NMC Health litigation involving the UAE-based healthcare group. Despite the sharp fall in reported earnings, the bank's underlying business performance remained relatively stable. Excluding the exceptional item, the lender's net profit would have increased by around 22 per cent year-on-year, translating to an estimated Return on Assets (RoA) of about 1.1 per cent. Bank of Baroda continued to record growth in its lending business during the quarter. Net Interest Income (NII) rose 9.5 per cent year-on-year to Rs 12,524 crore from Rs 11,435 crore. However, Net Interest Margin (NIM) narrowed by 12 basis points sequentially due to lower asset yields. Core fee income also declined 22 per cent compared with the previous year, affecting overall operating performance. Lower provisioning, supported by the release of standard asset provisions, helped cushion profitability during the quarter. The lender also reported improvements in asset quality. Gross Non-Performing Assets (GNPA) declined to 1.99 per cent from 2.24 per cent a year earlier, while Net Non-Performing Assets (NNPA) improved to 0.50 per cent from 0.60 per cent. The Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) stood at 16.31 per cent, compared with 17.61 per cent in the corresponding quarter last year. ALSO READ: Indian IT Is Down Nearly 26% In 2026. Is This The Smartest Time To Invest? No Official Confirmation On Reported Cyberattack While reports regarding the alleged data leak continue to circulate online, there has been no official confirmation from Bank of Baroda regarding any cybersecurity incident.  Until there is official clarity, the claims remain unverified. Customers are advised to remain vigilant, regularly monitor their bank accounts for unusual activity, avoid sharing OTPs or banking credentials, and consider updating their NetBanking passwords as a precautionary measure.

Indian IT Is Down Nearly 26% In 2026. Is This The Smartest Time To Invest?

The headlines surrounding the Indian IT sector have been difficult to ignore. With the Nifty IT index down approximately 25.8 per cent on a year-to-date basis, investors have had to contend with revenue-growth downgrades, margin pressure, delayed discretionary spending and persistent concerns about the impact of artificial intelligence on traditional outsourcing models.  The weakness has been severe enough for investors to question whether the sector’s long-term growth engine has suffered permanent damage. However, markets often begin recovering before earnings, management guidance or economic indicators show a meaningful improvement. By the time the operating environment becomes visibly favourable, share prices may already have moved considerably higher.  The more relevant question, therefore, is not whether all the challenges facing Indian IT have disappeared. They have not. The question is whether the market has already discounted most of those challenges.  There are growing indications that it has.  The most profitable opportunities are often created when expectations are at their lowest, sellers are exhausted and even modestly positive developments begin producing disproportionate price reactions. Indian IT appears to be approaching such an inflection point. The sector is gradually moving from a phase dominated by fears over AI-led disruption to one in which investors are beginning to recognise the opportunity arising from enterprise-wide AI adoption.  A noticeable shift is also emerging in market psychology. Growth expectations are being reduced, yet the reaction to negative announcements is becoming less severe. Infosys lowering its FY27 revenue-growth guidance of upper limit to a 3 per cent form 3.5 per cent earlier is a relevant example. In a normal growth environment, such a revision could have triggered a much deeper correction. Instead, the market response has been relatively contained and share price remained flat and did not move much.  Lowering Of Guidance, And Market Reaction   Results date  Revenue guidance revision  Change in guidance midpoint  Immediate share-price reaction  What the market interpreted  January 12, 2012  Dollar revenue growth cut from 17.1%-19.1% to 16.4%  -1.7 percentage points  Around -7% in early trade  The cut overshadowed better-than-expected profit and signalled weaker client budgets.   July 12, 2012  FY13 dollar growth cut from 8%-10% to 5%  -4.0 percentage points  Nearly -9% to -10%  A major reset, larger than analysts expected, combined with concerns that Infosys was losing market share.  July 15, 2016  FY17 CC growth cut from 11.5%-13.5% to 10.5%-12%  -1.25 percentage points  As much as -9.84%  The guidance cut came with a quarterly revenue miss, raising concerns that growth risks were not reflected in the valuation.  October 14, 2016  Guidance cut again from 10.5%-12% to 8%-9%  -2.75 percentage points  As much as -5.31%  The second consecutive reduction confirmed that the slowdown was deeper than initially assumed.  July 21, 2023  FY24 CC growth cut from 4%-7% to 1%-3.5%  -3.25 percentage points  As much as -10%  One of the largest resets in recent history, driven by delayed decisions, slower project starts and discretionary-spending weakness.  October 13, 2023  Upper end cut from 3.5% to 2.5%, giving 1%-2.5%  -0.50 percentage points  As much as -4.5%, later around -3%  The size was smaller, but it was the second cut in succession and suggested that demand recovery was being pushed further out.  January 12, 2024  Range narrowed from 1%-2.5% to 1.5%-2%  No change  +7.93%  Although the upper end was lowered, the lower end rose equally. The midpoint remained 1.75%, revenue beat expectations and demand had not deteriorated further.  July 24, 2026  FY27 CC growth narrowed from 1.5%-3.5% to 1.5%-3%  -0.25 percentage points  Fell about 2.6% Intraday but closed approximately 0.62% lower  A negative revision, but much smaller than previous major cuts. The US-listed ADR initially reacted more sharply, falling around 5%.    The 6 clearly negative resets before the latest quarter results were produced reported early or intraday falls ranging from approximately 4.5 per cent to 10 per cent, with a rough median reaction of about 8 per cent.   This does not mean the guidance cut is unimportant. It suggests that investors may no longer be surprised by weak near-term growth. The market appears to be digesting bad news rather than continuously repricing the sector lower.  To understand where returns could be generated over the coming years, investors must look beyond the current earnings slowdown. The key signals are now visible in price resilience, relative performance, valuation discounts, deal pipelines and the expanding Total Addressable Market created by AI-led transformation.  Also Read : Commercial LPG Crisis Takes Toll On Restaurants As Zomato Partner Base Falls PRICE RESILIENCE: DECODING THE BOTTOMING SIGNALS  A widely followed principle in technical and behavioural analysis is that bad news that fails to produce further price damage can become a positive signal.  When a company misses expectations, lowers its guidance or reports margin pressure, but its share price stabilises quickly, it indicates that the market may have already accounted for the disappointment. Investors who wanted to exit may have already done so, reducing the supply of shares available for further selling.  This is one of the early characteristics of a structural bottom.  Recent Quarterly Results from leading Indian IT companies illustrate this change. Dollar revenue growth remains subdued, with most large companies reporting sequential growth of less than 1 per cent. However, the underlying demand environment is not as weak as the headline numbers suggest.  Deal pipelines remain active, particularly in cloud modernisation, data transformation, cost optimisation, cyber security and AI implementation.   Quarterly Performance Versus Market Sentiment  Company  Key negative metric  Share-price reaction  Infosys  FY27 guidance reduced to an upper end of 3%, while the June-quarter performance missed expectations  The stock declined approximately 9% over 3 months but has begun stabilising as the market absorbs the guidance reset  TCS  Sequential contraction in operating margins  The share price remained relatively stable, supported by Q1FY27 Total Contract Value of $9.5 billion  HCLTech  Revenue remained largely flat, while margins continued to face pressure  The stock gained approximately 4.2% over 3 months, indicating resilience despite muted sequential performance  The importance of these reactions lies not in the absolute price movement but in the contrast between weak operating data and increasingly stable share prices. Markets normally decline sharply when negative developments are not fully reflected in valuations. Once pessimism becomes widely recognised, however, incremental bad news loses its ability to create the same level of damage.  Relative Strength Against Global Technology Benchmarks  The recent relative performance of the Nifty IT index provides another indication that investor sentiment may be turning.  During the one-month period from 24 June to 24 July 2026, the Nifty IT index gained approximately 4.36 per cent.  Over the same period, the Nasdaq Composite declined by 1.33 per cent, Taiwan’s TAIEX fell by 5.19 per cent and South Korea’s KOSPI corrected by approximately 21.02 per cent.  This divergence is significant because Indian IT generated positive returns despite continued concerns about weak discretionary expenditure, cautious revenue guidance, margin pressure and AI-led disruption. In other words, the sector began outperforming global technology-oriented benchmarks even though its fundamental news flow remained far from ideal.  A one-month period is not sufficient to confirm the beginning of a long-term bull market. However, relative strength often appears before earnings estimates improve. When a heavily corrected sector starts outperforming while the prevailing narrative remains negative, it can indicate that institutional investors are gradually accumulating positions.  Combined with the muted reaction to disappointing quarterly results, the Nifty IT index’s recent outperformance strengthens the case that the sector may be entering an accumulation and bottom-building phase rather than preparing for another structural decline.  Price resilience is, therefore, the first indication that a valuation safety net may finally have emerged.  Also Read : Stock Market Today: Sensex Jumps Over 750 Points, Nifty Tests 24,000. What Fuelled Today's Rally? THE VALUATION RESET: PRICING IN THE PESSIMISM  Valuation is one of the most important determinants of future returns.  When a sector trades at excessive multiples, even strong execution can lead to disappointing returns because optimistic assumptions are already embedded in the price. Conversely, when valuations reflect conservative or worst-case outcomes, investors can benefit from even a modest improvement in growth, margins or sentiment.  Indian IT is now experiencing the second situation.  The sector has undergone a considerable derating as investors have attempted to account for slower global growth, cautious client expenditure, AI-driven productivity gains and uncertainty surrounding traditional effort-based billing models.  Infosys, for example, is trading at a trailing price-to-earnings multiple of approximately 14 times, compared with its 5-year average of around 25 times. The discount indicates that the market is no longer assigning the same premium to the company’s historical growth, execution record and cash-generation capability.  The reset is also visible across forward valuations:  🔹 TCS: Approximately 16 times forward earnings compared with its historical average of around 27 times, representing a discount of nearly 41 per cent  🔹 Tech Mahindra: Approximately 19 times compared with an average of 28 times, representing a discount of around 30 per cent  🔹 LTIMindtree: Approximately 20 times compared with an average of 31 times, representing a discount of about 35 per cent  🔹 Infosys: Approximately 18 times compared with an average of 23 times, representing a discount of nearly 23 per cent  These discounts do not automatically guarantee returns. Earnings estimates can still be revised lower, and valuation multiples may remain depressed if the growth recovery takes longer than expected.  However, the starting point matters.  At elevated valuations, investors require near-perfect execution. At discounted valuations, the sector only needs to perform better than the pessimistic assumptions already embedded in share prices. This creates a more favourable risk-reward balance for investors with a sufficiently long time horizon.  The primary factor keeping valuations suppressed has been the so-called AI paradox. Investors are concerned that AI will reduce the amount of labour required for technology projects and weaken the traditional relationship between employee numbers and revenue. That concern is valid, but it represents only one side of the transformation.  THE AI PARADOX: DEFLATIONARY RISK VERSUS TAM EXPANSION  The debate surrounding generative AI should not be reduced to whether some existing technology work will be automated. Automation is inevitable.  The more important question is whether the revenue lost through productivity improvements will be greater or smaller than the new revenue generated through AI implementation, data modernisation, application redesign, cyber security, governance and cloud infrastructure.  History provides an instructive framework.  Every significant technology transition initially disrupted the existing services model. Enterprise Resource Planning changed traditional software development. Cloud computing reduced the need for companies to operate physical infrastructure. Automation lowered the manual effort required for routine processes.  Yet each transition eventually expanded the technology-services market because enterprises required consultants, system integrators and managed-service providers to implement the new architecture.  AI is likely to follow a similar path, although the transition may be faster and more disruptive.  The impact can be understood through 3 broad pillars.  THE 2% TO 3% DEFLATIONARY HEADWIND  Over the next 3 to 4 years, AI-led productivity gains may compress portions of the traditional Full-Time Equivalent model. Activities such as basic coding, software testing, maintenance, documentation and support can increasingly be completed with fewer employee hours.  Some of the industry analysis shows that nearly 30 per cent of the industry could fall within this at-risk segment. Under an aggressive scenario, the revenue impact could reach approximately $80 billion to $85 billion, while a more moderate base case indicates an impact of around $40 billion. In FY26, according to NASSCOM, India’s software industry was at USD 315 billion.  This is the risk currently dominating investor attention.  However, the financial impact will not necessarily be immediate or uniform. Large enterprises operate complex legacy systems, face strict regulatory requirements and cannot replace existing infrastructure overnight. Productivity benefits will also be shared between clients and vendors, while higher-value work may partly compensate for reduced effort in routine services.  Also Read : Gold Silver Rate Today (July 27): Metals Soar, Check Latest Rates In Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, More THE $300 BILLION TO $400 BILLION OPPORTUNITY  The opportunity created by AI adoption is considerably larger than the deflationary impact being feared.  By 2030, enterprise AI adoption is projected to create an incremental Total Addressable Market of approximately $300 billion to $400 billion. For an Indian technology-services industry currently estimated at around $315 billion, this represents a substantial expansion of the addressable opportunity. Enterprises cannot deploy AI simply by purchasing a model or subscribing to a software platform. They must organise fragmented data, modernise legacy applications, strengthen cyber security, develop governance frameworks and integrate AI tools into existing business processes.  Each of these requirements aligns with the capabilities of established Indian IT companies.  The sector’s next growth cycle may, therefore, be driven less by employee additions and more by higher-value transformation programmes, platform-led services, consulting, managed AI operations and outcome-based contracts. THE LABOUR SHIFT  The job-displacement narrative also requires context.  While AI may displace an estimated 92 million traditional roles globally, the broader technology transition is expected to create approximately 170 million new AI-enabled roles. The composition of employment will change, but the overall demand for technology capability may continue expanding.  The winners will not necessarily be companies with the largest workforce. They will be businesses that can retrain employees, build reusable intellectual property, develop industry-specific AI solutions and move towards pricing models linked to outcomes rather than hours worked.  The transition will create near-term pressure, but it is unlikely to eliminate the need for Indian IT. Instead, it may change how the industry generates revenue and how investors value its capabilities.  The net result could be positive if the expansion of the AI-related market eventually outweighs the compression in traditional services.  SELECTING THE REBOUND LEADERS  A recovery in the sector does not mean every IT company will deliver similar returns.  During periods of technological disruption, the strongest companies usually consolidate market share because they possess the balance sheets, client relationships, domain expertise and investment capacity required to adapt.  Investors should focus on companies with strong deal momentum, visible cash flows, credible AI capabilities and sufficient execution strength to manage the transition from traditional outsourcing to AI-led transformation.  THE PATH TO FY28 AND BEYOND  The recovery is unlikely to be immediate or linear.  The sector is currently navigating what could be described as the peak transition period between FY26 and FY28. Traditional outsourcing models are being pressured by automation, clients remain cautious about discretionary expenditure and technology budgets are shifting from experimentation towards projects with clearer financial returns.  During this period, revenue growth could remain moderate even as deal pipelines improve. Margins may also face pressure as companies invest in employee training, proprietary platforms, AI partnerships and new delivery models.  The more meaningful acceleration may emerge towards the end of FY27 or during FY28, when pilot programmes begin converting into enterprise-wide deployments.  The transition from experimentation to implementation is critical. Small AI pilots do not generate enough revenue to offset weakness in traditional services. Large-scale deployments involving data architecture, governance, cloud infrastructure and business-process redesign can produce multi-year contracts worth billions of dollars.  Indian IT companies are particularly well positioned for this stage because of their existing relationships with global enterprises. They already understand client systems, industry workflows and regulatory requirements. This makes them natural partners when AI projects move from innovation laboratories into core business operations.  The market, however, is unlikely to wait until FY28 earnings confirm the recovery. Share prices may begin responding as soon as investors see consistent evidence of stronger bookings, improving deal conversions and a rising share of AI-related revenue.  The recent relative outperformance of the Nifty IT index may be an early indication that this process has already begun.  Investors evaluating the sector should track 3 indicators closely.  Also Read : Oil Prices Slide Over 5% As Iran Signals Pause In Attacks If US Halts Strikes 🔹 DEAL MOMENTUM Sustained growth in Total Contract Value will indicate whether transformation demand is strong enough to offset the expected 2 per cent to 3 per cent annual deflation in traditional services. Investors should also examine the conversion of deal wins into reported revenue, as a large Order Book is useful only when projects begin contributing to growth.  🔹 AI REVENUE SHARE  The share of revenue generated through AI-related services will reveal whether companies are successfully commercialising their capabilities. TCS and Infosys are currently among the leaders, with reported AI revenue shares.  The quality of this revenue is equally important. Investors should distinguish between isolated pilot projects and large-scale implementation contracts that can generate recurring revenue.  🔹 GEOPOLITICAL AND MACROECONOMIC RISKS  The United States remains the largest market for Indian IT companies. Changes in interest rates, economic growth, corporate profitability and technology budgets can materially affect client spending.  Geopolitical uncertainty, including tensions involving the United States and Iran, can also influence crude oil prices, inflation expectations and the timing of monetary-policy easing. If interest-rate cuts are delayed, discretionary technology spending could remain under pressure in the near term.  These risks should be monitored, but they must be assessed alongside valuations. A known risk has less power to damage prices when the market has already discounted a difficult outcome.  CLOSING THOUGHTS   The case for Indian IT is no longer based on the assumption that growth will rebound immediately. It is based on the growing gap between depressed expectations and the sector’s long-term opportunity.  Near-term revenue growth remains weak. Guidance is cautious, margins are under pressure and AI will disrupt parts of the traditional outsourcing model. None of these concerns should be dismissed.  However, share-price reactions are becoming less severe, valuations have corrected considerably, large-deal pipelines remain healthy and the AI-led expansion of the technology-services market could eventually outweigh the deflationary impact of automation.  The Nifty IT index’s 4.36 per cent gain over the latest one-month period, compared with declines in the Nasdaq Composite, TAIEX and KOSPI, adds an important market-based signal to the thesis. Relative strength appearing during a period of negative headlines often deserves attention because markets tend to move before the underlying narrative improves.  The evidence increasingly suggests that the sector is no longer in a phase of unchecked deterioration. It is entering a period of consolidation, accumulation and business-model transition.  The exact timing of the earnings recovery remains uncertain, and volatility is likely to continue. Yet the combination of lower valuations, exhausted selling, resilient deal activity and a rapidly expanding AI opportunity indicates that the worst of the price correction may already be behind the sector.  For patient investors, the current phase is not about chasing a quick rebound. It is about selectively positioning in companies capable of leading the next technology-services cycle.  The tide is beginning to turn.  (“Disclaimer: This article uses information originally published by Dalal Street Investment Journal (DSIJ). The views expressed are those of the original authors and not necessarily of ABP Network Pvt. Ltd. This content is provided for general informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as investment, financial, legal or tax advice. Readers are advised to conduct their own research and/or consult a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions. This content is for informational purposes only and should not be treated as investment advice. ABP Network, its employees and associates shall not be responsible or liable for any losses or damages arising directly or indirectly from the use of or reliance on this article or any information contained herein.”)

ABP LIVE Doc Talk | Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Common Causes, Warning Signs And Treatment Options

Experiencing a miscarriage can be emotionally overwhelming. When pregnancy loss happens repeatedly, the physical and emotional burden can become even more challenging for couples hoping to build a family. While recurrent miscarriages can be distressing, advances in reproductive medicine have made it possible to identify the underlying causes in many cases and offer effective treatment options. With timely evaluation and appropriate care, many couples go on to have healthy pregnancies. What Is Recurrent Miscarriage? A miscarriage refers to the spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation. Recurrent miscarriage, also known as Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL), is generally defined as two or more consecutive pregnancy losses. Although it affects only a small percentage of couples, it requires thorough medical evaluation to identify the possible cause and develop an individualised treatment plan. What Causes Recurrent Miscarriages? Recurrent pregnancy loss can result from one or multiple factors. In some cases, despite comprehensive investigations, no specific cause is identified. Genetic Factors Chromosomal abnormalities are among the leading causes of recurrent miscarriage. Sometimes, one partner may carry a balanced chromosomal rearrangement that does not affect their own health but increases the risk of miscarriage. ALSO READ | ABP LIVE Doc Talk | The Biological Clock Explained: What You Need To Know Before Delaying Parenthood Uterine Abnormalities Structural problems within the uterus may interfere with implantation or fetal development. These include: Uterine septum Fibroids that distort the uterine cavity Intrauterine adhesions (Asherman's syndrome) Congenital uterine malformations Endometrial polyps (in selected cases) Many of these conditions can be corrected through minimally invasive surgical procedures. Hormonal And Endocrine Disorders Hormonal imbalances may affect implantation and early pregnancy. Common conditions include: Thyroid disorders Uncontrolled diabetes Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Elevated prolactin levels Luteal phase insufficiency (in selected cases) Proper medical management often improves pregnancy outcomes. ALSO READ | ABP LIVE Doc Talk | How The Rainy Season Can Worsen Parkinson's Symptoms And What Caregivers Should Know Autoimmune Conditions Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) is one of the most well-established autoimmune causes of recurrent miscarriage. The condition increases the tendency for abnormal blood clot formation, affecting placental blood flow and fetal development. Blood Clotting Disorders Certain inherited or acquired thrombophilic conditions may increase the risk of pregnancy loss in selected women, although not all require treatment. Lifestyle And Environmental Factors The following factors may contribute to pregnancy complications and miscarriage risk: Smoking Excessive alcohol intake Obesity Poorly controlled chronic illnesses Exposure to certain environmental toxins Age-Related Factors As maternal age increases, egg quality naturally declines. This raises the likelihood of chromosomal abnormalities in embryos, making miscarriage more common, particularly after the age of 35. When Should You Seek Medical Evaluation? Couples should consult a fertility specialist if they have experienced: Two or more consecutive miscarriages One miscarriage after fertility treatment along with additional risk factors A previous second-trimester pregnancy loss A family history of recurrent miscarriage or genetic disorders Early evaluation allows doctors to identify treatable conditions before planning another pregnancy. How Is Recurrent Miscarriage Evaluated? A detailed evaluation typically includes the following: Comprehensive Medical History Your doctor will discuss: Previous pregnancies Menstrual history Existing medical conditions Current medications Family history Lifestyle factors Blood Investigations Tests may include: Thyroid function tests Blood sugar levels Antiphospholipid antibody testing Hormonal profile (when indicated) Genetic Testing If a genetic cause is suspected, doctors may recommend: Karyotyping for both partners Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) Expanded Carrier Screening (ECS) Imaging Studies The uterus may be evaluated using: Transvaginal ultrasound Three-dimensional ultrasound Saline infusion sonography Hysteroscopy (when required) Additional Investigations Depending on the clinical history, further tests may be advised, including: NGS/CMA-based genetic testing of the products of conception FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation) Karyotyping of pregnancy tissue Treatment Options Treatment depends entirely on the underlying cause. Correcting Uterine Abnormalities Procedures that may improve pregnancy outcomes include: Hysteroscopic septum resection Removal of fibroids affecting the uterine cavity Treatment of intrauterine adhesions Managing Hormonal Disorders Optimising the following conditions helps create a healthier environment for pregnancy: Thyroid disorders Diabetes Elevated prolactin levels PCOS Treatment For Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) Women diagnosed with APS are often treated with: Low-dose aspirin Blood-thinning medications during pregnancy under specialist supervision This approach significantly improves the chances of a successful pregnancy. Genetic Counselling Couples with chromosomal abnormalities may benefit from genetic counselling. In selected cases, In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) with Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) may be considered to reduce the risk of transferring embryos with chromosomal abnormalities. Lifestyle Modifications Healthy lifestyle choices can improve pregnancy outcomes, including: Maintaining a healthy weight Avoiding smoking Avoiding alcohol Eating a balanced diet Taking folic acid supplements Managing stress Controlling chronic medical conditions What If No Cause Is Found? Nearly 40–50% of recurrent miscarriage cases remain unexplained despite detailed investigations. Although this uncertainty can be frustrating, the outlook is often encouraging. Many couples with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss eventually achieve a healthy pregnancy with careful monitoring and supportive obstetric care. Emotional Well-Being Matters The emotional impact of recurrent miscarriage is often underestimated. Feelings commonly experienced include: Grief Anxiety Guilt Fear about future pregnancies Emotional support from healthcare professionals, family members, support groups or trained counsellors can play an important role in the healing process. A Message Of Hope Recurrent miscarriage does not necessarily mean that parenthood is out of reach. Advances in reproductive medicine now allow specialists to identify and treat many underlying causes effectively. Early diagnosis, personalised treatment and compassionate care significantly improve the chances of carrying a pregnancy to term. If you have experienced repeated pregnancy loss, do not lose hope. Seeking timely medical advice can help identify the cause, guide appropriate treatment and bring you one step closer to achieving a healthy pregnancy.

New Drug For Cervical Precancer May Be Available Soon; ICMR Takes A Major Decision

Every year, nearly 80,000 women in India are diagnosed with cervical cancer, accounting for a significant share of the global disease burden. In many cases, women with cervical precancerous lesions require surgical procedures to prevent the condition from progressing into cancer. Now, a new development by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has sparked hope for a less invasive treatment option in the future. Under its Medical Innovation Patent Mitra initiative, ICMR has licensed an indigenous anti-HPV drug candidate, SHetA2, to Emcure Pharmaceuticals for further development. While the medicine is still awaiting clinical validation, researchers believe it has the potential to transform cervical precancer treatment. ICMR Hands Over SHetA2 For Further Development According to a Press Information Bureau (PIB) statement released on July 21, 2026, ICMR transferred three indigenous biomedical technologies to leading Indian pharmaceutical and vaccine companies. Among them is SHetA2, an anti-HPV drug candidate licensed to Pune-based Emcure Pharmaceuticals. The drug is being developed to treat cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), a precancerous condition caused primarily by persistent HPV infection. If left untreated, CIN can progress to cervical cancer, making early intervention crucial. ALSO READ | ABP LIVE Doc Talk | The Biological Clock Explained: What You Need To Know Before Delaying Parenthood Drug Targets Diseased Cells While Protecting Healthy Tissue SHetA2 was jointly developed by Dr. Shaukat Hussain of ICMR's National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR) and Dr. Doris M. Benbrook of the Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, USA. Researchers say the drug has a targeted mechanism of action. It is designed to attack HPV-affected precancerous and cancerous cells while minimising damage to surrounding healthy tissue. If clinical studies confirm its effectiveness, SHetA2 could become one of the first non-surgical targeted therapies for cervical precancer. ALSO READ | Doc Talk | Skin Disorders In India Are On The Rise; Here's Why Experts Recommend A Holistic Approach Clinical Trials Still Needed Before Patient Use ICMR Director General and Secretary of the Department of Health Research, Dr. Rajeev Bahl, said the organisation is focused on ensuring that publicly funded research reaches patients through strong industry collaborations. He noted that initiatives such as Medical Innovation Patent Mitra are helping bridge the gap between laboratory research and commercially available healthcare solutions. However, experts emphasise that licensing does not mean the drug is ready for public use. SHetA2 must successfully complete multiple phases of clinical trials to establish its safety and effectiveness before it can receive regulatory approval. If these trials prove successful, the drug could mark a significant advance in India's fight against cervical cancer while highlighting the country's growing capabilities in indigenous biomedical innovation.

ABP Live Exclusive | 'Diesel Customers Are Switching To Underbody CNG': Maruti Suzuki's Partho Banerjee

Maruti Suzuki's underbody CNG which is seen with the Victoris has been a hit with half of Victoris sales being the CNG variant with huge demand. "With huge demand for CNG, it is clear that many diesel customers are switching over to underbody CNG," said Partho Banerjee, Sr Executive Officer Marketing and Sales, Maruti Suzuki, speaking with ABP Live in an exclusive interview. Infact he said that "demand is so high that Maruti Suzuki is constrained by the supply since the Victoris CNG demand has been very high while the new Brezza CNG will also be made on the same production line as well." With Brezza CNG, Maruti Suzuki also expects a high demand similarly while it will further increase its SUV market share which has now gone to 30 percent. Also Read : Toyota Innova Hycross Facelift To Get More SUV Like Face Turbo Petrol, EVs and Multi-Powertrain Strategy Regarding the Brezza, other than the underbody CNG there is of course the turbo petrol engine which is a big change for the car. This is an addition to the range and built for the young Indian car buyers who drive in the city as well as go for weekend outings. Partho Banerjee also said that "The look of the Brezza has been maintained due to the acceptance of the customer and instead other changes were done like the features and the turbo petrol of course." Lastly He also said that Maruti Suzuki will aggressively have products in all pathways hence it will also be active in ev space and hybrid plus cng and more looking at its leadership. Also Read : Honda ZR-V Prices Comparison With BMW X1 And Skoda Kodiaq 

'Thank you VVS sir': Iyer credits Laxman after India's 3-0 Zimbabwe sweep

India secured a commanding 3-0 T20I series victory against Zimbabwe. Captain Shreyas Iyer and interim coach VVS Laxman exchanged praise for their leadership. An inexperienced Indian squad achieved the clean sweep with a final T20I win. Laxman commended Iyer's optimistic attitude and leadership throughout the series. Iyer thanked Laxman for his motivating influence and inspiration to the team.

Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 8 First Review: Samsung Brings The Joy Back To Smartphones

Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 8 First Review: Samsung's newest Fold isn't trying to become thinner just for the sake of it. Instead, it has done something arguably far more important. It has made foldables genuinely practical. From its compact form factor and gorgeous dual displays to flagship-grade performance, here's our early verdict after spending over 24 hours with the device. Samsung isn't the only company convinced that compact foldables are the future. Huawei perhaps gave us the biggest hint earlier this year with the Pura X Max, while rumours suggest Apple is finally preparing to enter the foldable race with a compact iPhone Fold sometime this September. If those reports are true, the direction of travel for the smartphone industry has become fairly obvious. The next chapter of foldables isn't about making them bigger, thinner or cramming in more displays. It's about making them phones people actually want to carry every single day. That sets up the background for Samsung's Galaxy Z Fold 8. For years, Samsung has led the foldable segment, but there has always been one lingering criticism. Fold devices felt like miniature tablets folded in half rather than smartphones that happened to unfold. They were impressive engineering exercises, but they still demanded compromises from users. The Galaxy Z Fold 8 feels like Samsung has finally listened. And make no mistake, Samsung has absolutely nailed the form factor this time around. Unlike previous Fold devices that constantly reminded you they were foldables, the Galaxy Z Fold 8 simply disappears into your daily routine. It slips into your pocket with ease, sits naturally in your hand and, more importantly, never feels intimidating to use. It is one of those rare devices where the hardware quietly fades into the background, allowing you to simply enjoy using the phone. Now, the question boils down to something simple: Is the Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 8 worth your money (Rs 1,79,999 for the 12GB + 256GB variant, Rs 1,99,999 for the 12GB + 512GB model and Rs 2,39,999 for the top-end 16GB + 1TB version)? I have been using the Lavender variant for a little over 24 hours now, and here's our early review. ALSO READ: Xiaomi 17T Review: The Goldilocks Flagship Has Finally Arrived Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 8 First Review: How Does It Feel In Your Hand? If you have been using Samsung's Fold series over the past few years, the difference is immediately noticeable the moment you pick up the Galaxy Z Fold 8. At 201g, the phone feels remarkably light, but weight alone doesn't tell the full story. It is the proportions that completely change the experience. Personally, I think Samsung has arrived at what could very well become the default shape for foldables over the next few years. For the longest time, smartphone makers have chased bigger cover displays, larger inner panels and slimmer hinges. Ironically, Samsung has reminded everyone that comfort matters more than dimensions on a specification sheet. The Galaxy Z Fold 8 sits naturally in your palm and can comfortably be operated with one hand without constantly making you adjust your grip. Like me, if you are coming from a Pixel Pro or an iPhone Pro Max, you will probably appreciate this immediately. Conventional flagship phones have become wider and heavier over the years, whereas the Fold 8 somehow manages to feel considerably more compact without sacrificing usability. Interestingly, despite carrying one of the nicest folding displays on the market, I probably spent close to 80 per cent of my time on the outer display. Whether it was catching up on YouTube during breakfast, endlessly doomscrolling Instagram, replying to WhatsApp messages, watching YouTube Shorts or squeezing in a Netflix episode during my commute, I rarely found myself unfolding the phone because the cover display itself was simply that enjoyable to use. That, for me, is perhaps Samsung's biggest achievement. This no longer feels like a secondary display that exists only until you unfold the phone. It feels like a proper smartphone display that just happens to have another larger screen hiding underneath. Even something as simple as Samsung's lock screens somehow looks far more elegant on this aspect ratio. Wallpapers feel better framed, widgets appear more balanced and the overall experience feels refreshingly different without trying too hard. Huawei may have pointed the industry in this direction with the Pura X Max, and Apple may be preparing to follow suit later this year, but Samsung has the advantage of actually bringing this form factor to consumers today. Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 8 First Review: How Is The Overall Display? The compact outer display may be what initially draws you towards the Fold 8, but the inner display is what ultimately convinces you to keep unfolding it throughout the day. Samsung has equipped the Fold 8 with a 7.6-inch Dynamic AMOLED 2X panel carrying a QXGA+ resolution of 1848 x 2448 pixels, an adaptive 120Hz refresh rate and a peak brightness of 3,000 nits. On paper, those specifications already sound impressive. In actual use, the experience is even better. I expected to spend most of my time multitasking on the larger display. Instead, I found myself doing something I hadn't anticipated at all: Reading. Whether it was catching up on long-form news articles, browsing websites or picking up an ebook for a while, the Galaxy Z Fold 8 quietly encouraged me to read more than I normally would on a smartphone. The larger canvas simply makes text easier on the eyes, while photographs and illustrations appear considerably richer than they do on a conventional flagship. Samsung has always excelled when it comes to displays, and the Fold 8 continues that tradition effortlessly. Personally, I kept the display on Samsung's Vivid colour profile throughout my testing. Colours appear richer, images pop beautifully and videos look spectacular without crossing into oversaturated territory. Interestingly, I also stumbled upon a small trick while using Facebook. Initially, the app felt slightly awkward on the unfolded display, but simply rotating the phone vertically solved the problem almost instantly. The feed filled the display naturally without looking stretched, making scrolling feel remarkably comfortable. Instagram, on the other hand, felt almost tailor-made for this device. Reels look fantastic, photographs occupy the display beautifully and everything simply feels more immersive. Netflix was another pleasant surprise. Stretching content to fill the larger display results in a genuinely enjoyable viewing experience, and thanks to Samsung's excellent OLED panel, colours remain vibrant while blacks stay beautifully inky. The anti-reflective coating also deserves mention. Combined with the impressive peak brightness, it makes using the Fold 8 outdoors far easier than I initially expected, even under harsh afternoon sunlight. As far as displays go, Samsung has genuinely left very little room for criticism here. The company has spent years refining OLED technology, and it certainly shows. If there is one takeaway from my first day with the Galaxy Z Fold 8, it is this: Samsung hasn't merely built another foldable. It has built one that makes you want to unfold it. Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 8 First Review: How Is The Overall Performance? Powering the Galaxy Z Fold 8 is Qualcomm's Snapdragon 8 Elite for Galaxy processor, paired with up to 16GB RAM and 1TB of storage. Unsurprisingly, performance has never once felt like a bottleneck during my time with the phone. Whether it was juggling multiple social media apps, switching between the cover display and the inner display, editing photographs or simply hopping between YouTube, Netflix, Chrome and WhatsApp, the Fold 8 handled everything with ease. Samsung's One UI also feels mature enough now that the software almost disappears into the background, allowing the hardware to take centre stage. Samsung has, of course, loaded the Fold 8 with the latest Galaxy AI features as well. My favourite among the lot is My Fan Cam, which intelligently locks onto a chosen person while recording a video. Whether you're filming your cat doing dishing out zoomies or recording that uber cool guitarst at a rock concert, the AI automatically follows the selected subject without you having to constantly adjust your framing. Unlike some AI additions that exist simply because every flagship phone now needs AI somewhere on the spec sheet, this one actually solves a genuine problem. However, if there is one takeaway after using the Fold 8 for over a day, it is this: this phone isn't special because of AI. It is special because of its hardware. The software simply complements an already excellent experience. Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 8 First Review: How Is The Camera? Now, let's come to perhaps the only area where the Galaxy Z Fold 8 doesn't quite feel like an Ultra-grade flagship. Samsung has equipped the Fold 8 with dual 50MP rear cameras, alongside 10MP selfie cameras on both the cover and inner displays. On paper, the specifications look perfectly respectable, and for the most part, they deliver exactly what you would expect from a premium Samsung smartphone. Under bright daylight, the cameras perform admirably. Colours remain vibrant without looking exaggerated, dynamic range is wide enough to recover details from bright skies, and the cameras also handle India's gloomy monsoon afternoons rather well. Images come out detailed, social-media ready and consistent enough that most users will be perfectly happy with the results. The problems begin once the sun goes down. Indoor birthday parties, restaurants, pubs or evening get-togethers are where the Fold 8 starts showing its limitations. Images lose some of their sharpness, finer details become softer and noise starts creeping into darker portions of the frame. Samsung's AI image processing does attempt to recover details, and in many situations it does a commendable job, but you will often find yourself reaching for Galaxy AI's editing tools after taking the photograph rather than simply sharing it immediately. That, perhaps, is the biggest difference between the Fold 8 and Samsung's Ultra lineup. The Galaxy S Ultra series has reached a point where it can comfortably double up as your primary camera. The Fold 8 doesn't quite get there. Having said that, I completely understand why Samsung has made this compromise. Building a compact foldable inevitably leaves less room for bulky camera hardware. Even so, if Samsung somehow manages to bring its 200MP Ultra-grade camera system to this compact Fold in the next generation, there would be very little left for me to complain about. For now, the cameras are good. They're just not extraordinary. Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 8 First Review: How Is The Battery Performance? Twenty-four hours is still too early to deliver a final verdict on battery performance, but my initial impressions leave me wanting more. The Galaxy Z Fold 8 packs a 4,800mAh battery with support for 45W wired charging, and on paper, those numbers inspire confidence. Unfortunately, the phone's biggest strength also becomes its biggest weakness. You simply don't want to stop using it. For example, after charging the phone fully in the morning, I spent my breakfast catching up on YouTube, followed by the usual Instagram doomscrolling before leaving for work. During my commute, I switched to the larger display and spent a good amount of time reading news articles and browsing through an ebook before replying to emails and WhatsApp messages. Later in the afternoon, I watched a few YouTube Shorts, took plenty of photographs, edited a couple of them using Galaxy AI and rounded off the evening with Netflix. By the time I was preparing to head home, battery anxiety had already started creeping in. That, for me, is slightly disappointing. This is exactly the sort of phone that encourages you to consume more content, read more, watch more and spend more time on its beautiful displays. Naturally, that also means you'll expect it to comfortably last an entire day away from a charger. Personally, I wouldn't leave home on a day-long trip carrying only the Fold 8. If you're travelling, hiking or spending an entire day outdoors, I'd strongly recommend carrying a power bank or at least making sure you'll have access to a charger somewhere along the way. Hopefully, Samsung can improve endurance further through software optimisation because the hardware itself deserves longer battery life. ALSO READ: Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 8 Ultra First Impressions: Titanium Flexes, The Crease Doesn't Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 8 First Review: Should You Buy? Samsung's compact Fold comes in three variants: 12GB + 256GB: Rs 1,79,999 12GB + 512GB: Rs 1,99,999 16GB + 1TB: Rs 2,39,999 The phone is available in Graphite, Cream and Lavender colours. We reviewed the Lavender variant, and it is easily one of the nicest colours Samsung has on its repertoire. So far, so good. The Galaxy Z Fold 8 feels like a product Samsung has been trying to build for years. The compact form factor is nothing short of excellent. The cover display is one of the best I've used on any foldable, to the point where I rarely felt the need to unfold the phone. And when I eventually did, the larger display made reading, browsing and streaming content genuinely enjoyable in a way very few smartphones manage. The cameras are perfectly capable but stop short of delivering the sort of experience you'd expect from Samsung's Ultra lineup. Likewise, the battery is serviceable rather than exceptional, and I do wish it comfortably lasted a full day given just how addictive this phone is to use. Fix those two shortcomings, and I genuinely believe Samsung would have the perfect foldable on its hands. Even today, though, the Galaxy Z Fold 8 is one of the most exciting smartphones you can buy from your local retailer or your favourite ecommerce platform. More importantly, it feels like Samsung has finally answered the question foldables have been asking for years. The future of foldables is all about about making them feel like smartphones first, but with a whole lot of fun. After all, if I am spending upwards of Rs 1.5 lakh for a phone, it better be a conversation starter. Thankfully, the Galaxy Z Fold 8 is. And if Apple's compact foldable does arrive later this year, it won't be introducing a new idea. Samsung has already shown the industry what the future of foldables looks like.

Influencer Living With PCOS Shares How She Lost 15 Kg Without Portion Control

Losing weight can be challenging, and for people living with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), the journey often comes with additional hurdles. Hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, irregular menstrual cycles, and a slower metabolism can make weight management more difficult than usual. While calorie counting and strict portion control are commonly associated with weight loss, influencer Tanya Singh says her experience was different. In a recent Instagram video shared on her account, @itistanyasingh, Tanya opened up about how she lost 15 kg while managing PCOS. Her story has resonated with many women online because she focused on nourishing her body instead of obsessing over calories.           View this post on Instagram                       A post shared by Tanya Singh (@itistanyasingh) Why She Stopped Counting Calories According to Tanya, one of the biggest changes she made was letting go of calorie counting. She explained that nutritionists advised her to prioritise balanced nutrition rather than tracking every calorie consumed. Instead of following restrictive eating patterns, she concentrated on eating wholesome meals rich in protein, fibre, and other essential nutrients. The idea was to support her body's nutritional needs while making sustainable lifestyle changes. Her approach suggests that, for some individuals with PCOS, building healthy eating habits may be more practical than following rigid diet rules. ALSO READ | Why Women's Jeans Have Tiny Pockets While Men's Easily Fit Phones And Wallets Inside Tanya Singh's Daily Meal Plan Tanya's daily diet revolves around protein-rich and balanced meals designed to keep her satisfied for longer. Her breakfast typically includes boiled eggs, egg bhurji, paneer bhurji, or high-protein yoghurt paired with berries. These foods provide a good amount of protein and help reduce unnecessary snacking. For lunch, she opts for two ragi rotis along with dal, rajma, or chole and seasonal vegetables such as bottle gourd, ridge gourd, or okra. This combination offers protein, fibre, and complex carbohydrates for sustained energy. Her evening snack usually consists of roasted makhana, berries, or a small portion of dark chocolate to help curb cravings. Dinner is centred on protein-rich foods like tandoori chicken or tandoori prawns, while she avoids carbohydrate-heavy meals at night. ALSO READ | Why People Are Soaking Their Feet In Vinegar And Salt – Does It Really Work? Healthy Choices Over Restrictive Dieting One of the most talked-about aspects of Tanya's transformation is that she did not rely on strict portion control or constant calorie tracking. Instead, she focused on choosing nutrient-dense foods and maintaining consistency in her eating habits. It is important to remember that PCOS affects everyone differently, and what works for one person may not work for another. Weight-loss plans should always be tailored to individual health needs, lifestyle, and medical history. Before making significant dietary changes or starting a weight-loss programme, consult a qualified healthcare professional or registered dietitian, especially if you have PCOS or any other underlying health condition. [Disclaimer: The information provided in the article is intended for general informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.]

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